1.accuse/charge
accuse和charge都有“指责,控告”之意,有时可通用,但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行,其结构为accusesbofsth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行,其结构为chargesbwithsth,此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。例如:
例1:Myfatheraccusedmeofmybeingtoocareless.(父亲责备我太粗心。)
例2:Heaccusedmeofneglectingmyduty.(他指控我玩忽职守。)
例3:Hechargedmewithneglectingmyduty.(同上)
例4:Jimmywaschargedwithmurder.(吉米被控谋杀。)
例5:Hewaschargedwithanimportanttask.(他担负有一项重要任务。)
2.add/addto/addup/addupto
add:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:
例6:Attheoftheparty,weaddedanotherprogram.
例7:Youneedn’taddanywatertothemedicine.
addto:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如:
例8:Hiscomingaddedtoourtrouble.(他的到来给我们添了麻烦。)
addup:加起来。例如:
例9:Haveyouaddedupallthenumbers?
addupto:总计。表示加起来的结果,无被动结构。例如:
例10:Allthenumbersaddedupto100.
3.advise/suggest
advise:建议,劝说。例如:
例11:Iadvised(his)tryingagain.(=suggest)
例12:Iadvisedthatwe(should)tryagain.(=suggest,虚拟语气。)
例13:Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.
例14:Iadvisedhimnottosmoke.
例15:CouldyouadviseusonhowtolearnEnglish?
例16:CouldyougiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish?
suggest:建议,表明,暗示。例如:
例17:Wesuggesthavingameetingatonce.(=advise)
例18:Wesuggestthatameeting(should)beheldatonce.(=advise,虚拟语气。)
例19:Hispalefacesuggeststhatheisinpoorhealth.(他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。)
4.agreewith/agreeto/agreeon
agreewith:同意,赞成(后接“人”或what从句作宾语);适合,适应;一致。例如:
例20:Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.
例21:Nobodyagreedwithwhathehadsaidatthemeeting.
例22:Theweatherheredoesn’tagreewithmostofus.(这里的天气我们多数人不适应。)
例23:Yourwordsdonotagreewithyouractions.(你的言行不一。)
agreeto:同意,赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如:
例24:Johncan’tagreetoJoe’sidea.
agreeon:对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如:
例25:FinallyJohnandJoeagreedontheplan.
5.allow/permit/let/promise
allow:允许,许可。指听任或默许,也可用来表示客气的请求。例如:
例26:Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp?
例27:Smokingisnotallowedhere.
例28:Pleaseallowmetointroducemyselftoyou.
permit:允许,许可。通常指正式的许可。例如:
例29:Hedeclaredthathewouldpermitmetodoso.
allow和permit的含义虽然有所差别,但实际运用中两者常通用。
let:允许,让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如:
例30:Don’tletthishappenagain.
例31:Thisisnotallowedtohappenagain.(不说:Thisisnotlettohappenagain.)
promise:答应,允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如:
例32:Theypromisedanimmediatereply.
例33:Hepromisedtostartatonce.
例34:Ipromisedhimtoseetothematterrightaway.
(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式toseeto是主语I发出的。)
6.announce/declare
announce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如:
例35:Thegovernmentannouncedthatthedangerwaspast.
例36:ItwasannouncedthatthenationalscienceconferencewouldsoonbeheldinBeijing.
另外,要表达“向某人宣布某事”,应用announcetosbsth。后接tosb的动词还有say,explain等。例如:
例37:Heannouncedtousthenewsandthensaidtous,“Nowletmeexplaintoyouindetails.”
(他向我们宣布了这个消息,然后对我们说:“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”)
declare:宣布,声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如:
例38:Thechairmandeclaredtheexhibitionopen.(主席宣布展览会开幕。)
7.answer/reply
answer:回答,回应。例如:
例39:“Tom!”Nooneanswered.
例40:Pleaseanswerthedoor-bell.(请去开门。)
例41:Heansweredthatheknewnothingaboutit.
例42:Noonewasabletoanswerhimaword.
reply:回答,答复。作不及物动词时,后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时,后直接接that从句或what从句,或用于倒装句。例如:
例43:Herepliedtome,“Ineedtheanswertotheexercise.”
例44:Herepliedthathewouldnotgo.
例45:Notaworddidshereply.(她一句话也不应。)
answer当名词用时,与reply一样,要接to。例如:
例46:Hemadenoanswer/replytohisquestions.
8.appear/look/seem
appear:显得,好像。有时含有表面上显得,而事实未必的意味。例如:
例47:Thiskindofapplesappearsgood,butinfactittastessour.
(这种苹果看起来好,实际吃起来酸。)
seem:好像。暗示判断有一定根据,往往接近事实。例如:
例48:Youseemtohavemadethesamemistakeagainthistime.
(你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。)
例49:Itseemsthatitisgoingtorainsoon.
look:好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如:
例50:What’swrongwithyou?Youlookpale.
例51:Itlookslikerain.(看来要下雨了。)
9.argue/quarrel
argue:辩论,争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张,着重说理。如:
例52:Whatareyouarguingabout?
例53:Iarguedwithhimthewholeday.
quarrel:争论,争吵,吵架。例如:
例54:It’sunwisetoquarrelwithyourbossaboutthat.(为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive/reach/get
arrive,reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用,它和reach是比较正式的用语;reach是及物动词;get通常与介词to连用,在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词(如here,there,home等)时,不用介词。reach和arriveat还有“达成(协议),作出(决定)”的意思。例如:
例55:Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.
例56:Atfive,theyarrivedinBeijing.
例57:Theletterdidn’treachmeuntilyesterday.
例58:Atwhattimedidyougettothepostoffice?
例59:Thetwosidesfailedtoreach/arriveatanagreementafterseveralhours’discussion.
(几个小时的讨论后,双方还是没能达成一致意见。)
11.ask/inquire/question
ask:问(asksbsth或asksthofsb);请求(asksbtodosth);要,索取(askforsth)。例如:
例60:MayIaskyousomequestions?
例61:Whydidheaskyoutocomeagain?
例62:Didheaskforanything?
inquire:问,询问。它与ask同义,但是比较正式的用语;与into连用时,表示“查究,调查”的意思。例如:
例63:Ihaveinquiredofhimwhetherhecouldhelpme.(我已经问过他能否帮我。)
例64:Wemustinquireintothematter.(=lookinto,我们必须调查此事。)
question:提问,质问,审问,怀疑。例如:
例65:Atfirstthegirlsreadachapterfromtheirbooks,andthentheteacherbegantoquestionthem.
例66:Iquestionwhetherhewasoncequestionedbythepolice.
(我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。)
12.beabouttodosth/betodosth
beabouttodo:即将,正要做……不加任何时间短语。例如:
例67:Wewereabouttostartwhensuddenlyitbegantorain.
betodo:计划,约定;应该。例如:
例68:Wearetostarttomorrow.
例69:Whatistobedonenext?(下一步做什么?)
13.becarefulof/becarefulwith
becarefulof:小心,当心,留神,注意。例如:
例70:Thepublicwerewarnedtobecarefulofrats.(公众被警告要当心老鼠。)
becarefulwith:细心,注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如:
例71:You’dbetterbecarefulwithyourwork/pronunciation.(你得注意你的工作/发音。)
14.befamiliarwith/befamiliarto
befamiliarwith:对……熟悉。例如:
例72:Mostofusarefamiliarwiththepopstar.
例73:Johnwasveryfamiliarwiththiskindofsituation.
befamiliarto:对……来说是熟悉的;为……所熟知。例如:
例74:Thepopstarisfamiliartomostofus.
例75:ThiskindofsituationwasalltoofamiliartoJohn.(=veryfamiliar)
15.beknownfor/beknownas/beknownto
beknownfor:因……而出名。例如:
例76:Ourtownisknownforitsstones.
beknownas:作为……而出名。例如:
例77:Thetownisknownasastonetown.
beknownto:被……知晓,了解。例如:
例78:Thehotspringcityisknowntoeveryoneofthem.
16.bemadeof(from/outof)/bemadeinto/bemadeup/bemadeupof
bemadeof:由……制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。例如:
例79:Thedeskismadeofwood.
bemadefrom:由……制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。例如:
例80:Paperismadefromwood.
bemadeoutof:由……制成。例如:
例81:Thedesk/Paperismadeoutofwood.
bemadeinto:制成……例如:
例82:Woodcanbemadeintodesks/paper.
bemadeup:由……编成。例如:
例83:Don’tbelievehim;thewholestorywasmadeup.(别信他的,整个过程都是捏造的。)
bemadeupof(=consistof):由……组成。例如:
例84:Thisdeskismadeupof/consistsoftwelvepiecesofwood.
17.betiredof/betiredfrom/betiredout
be/gettiredof:对……厌倦。例如:
例85:Iamreallytiredofyourwords!(你的话我听腻了!)
betiredfrom:因……疲倦。例如:
例86:IwassotiredfromclimbingthehillthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.(我爬山太累了,所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。)
betiredout:筋疲力尽。相当于bewornout。例如:
例87:Weweretiredoutwhenweclimbedoverthehighmountain.
18.believe/believein/depon
believe:相信(指信某人的言语);认为(相当于besure)。例如:
例88:Don’tbelievehim;he’slying.(别听他的,他在说谎。)
例89:Ibelievethey’llsucceedinthe.
believein:信任(指胜任某人);信仰(指信仰真理、主张、宗教等)。例如:
例90:Don’tbelieveinhim;he’salwayslying.(不可信任他,他老说谎。)
例91:Ibelievewhatshesaid,butIdon’tbelieveinher.(我相信她所说的,但我不信任她。)
例92:Wemustwork,andaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.
(我们得工作,最重要的是我们得信任自己。)
例93:MostofthembelieveinGod.
depon:信任(相当于believein或trust);依靠(相当于liveon);取决于。例如:
例94:Heisamantodepon/believein/trust.(他是个可信任的人。)
例95:Doyoustilldepon/liveonyourparents?(你还靠父母吗?)
例96:Everythingdepsontheweathertomorrow.(一切取决于明天的天气。)
19.borrow/l
borrow:借,借用。指借入,不带双宾语。结构:borrowsthfromsb。例如:
例97:CanIborrowyourpen?
例98:Heborrowsmoneyfrommefrequently.
l:把……借给。指借出,可带双宾。结构:lsbsth=lsthtosb。例如:
例99:Couldyoulmeyourpen?
例100:Willyoulyourbiketome?
20.bring/take/fetch/get/carry
bring:带来。例如:
例101:Bringthebookheretomorrow.
take:拿走。例如:
例102:Don’ttakethemagazinesoutofthereading-room.
fetch:去拿来。例如:
例103:Godownstairsandfetchmesomewater.
get:去拿来。与fetch同义,但较口语化。例如:
例104:Shegothimagooddoctor.(她为他请来了一位好医生。)
carry:携带。指随身携带,如捧、抱、扛、运等。例如:
例105:Hecarriedabagofriceonhisshoulder.
例106:Heoftencarriesapocketdictionarywhenhegoesout.
(他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。)